Hihihih



(No Model.)

P.BORGARELLI. DRIER FOR CEREALS.

No. 469,849; 'PatentedMalp l,18'92.

v INVENTOR': 'W'ITNESSES:

W, By his Aflomeys,

NI S ATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAOLO BORGARELLI, OF. TURIN, ITALY.

DRIER FOR CEREALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,849, dated March 1,1892.

Application filed April 10, 1891. Serial No. 388,435. (No model.)Patentedin Switzerland March 26, 1891, No. 3,421 in England March28,1891,No.5,486;i11 BelgiumApril 15, 1891,11'0. 94,328; inItalyApril22, 1891, LVILMA, andXXV, 29,315; in SDainJ'une 26, 1891, No. 11,961,and in France July 16, 1891,110. 212,398.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAOLO BORGARELLI, a subject of the King of Italy,residing in Turin, Italy, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Driers-for Cereals and other Divided Matters, (whichinventionhas been patented in Italy, Vol. LVII, No. 444. and Vol. XXV,No. 29,315, dated April 22, 1891; in France, No. 212,398, dated July 16,1891; in Belgium, No. 94,328, dated April 15, 1891; in England, No.5,486, dated March 28, 1891; in Switzerland No. 3,421, dated March 26,1891; in Spain, No. 11,961, dated June 26, 1891,) of

which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to driers fortreating cereals or otherfinely-divided or granular materials and aims to provide an improveddevice of this character.

The invention relates to a novel construction of the drier whereby itWorks con tinuously and gives a oomplete circulation of the air or othergas used throughout the granular or finely-divided material, and isespecially adapted for a desiccation and drying of cereals, eitherduring thedisinfection thereof or otherwise.

The principal feature of my invention consists in a novel arrangementand constructtion of diaphragms within the treating-chamber. Accordingto my invention these consist of superposed diaphragms constructed withoppositely-inclined sloping upper surfaces, preferably hollow on theirunder sides, whereby they-resemble inverted gutters'or troughs. Theseare arranged'in rows, super posed, and those of each row crossing'thoseof the adjacent row and resting with their lower edges on the tops ofthe next lower row, whereby as the material treated descends through thechamber it falls over the inclined .tops of the diaphragms, while thegas in ascending will pass around the latter, thereby continually mixingsaid material as it'traverses the chamber and effecting regulardistribution of the gas throughout the mass.

Referringto the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the preferredform of myinvention, Figure 1 is a vertical mid-section'of a drier. Fig.2 is a horizontal section thereof cut on the line X X in Fig. 1. Fig. 3is a similar section cut on the line Y Y in Fig. 1.

Fig. d is a horizontal section through the upper part of the apparatus.Fig. 5 is a crossseotion, on a larger scale, of one of the diaphragmsremoved. Fig. 6 is a similar view of a modified form'of diaphragm, andFig. 7

is a side elevation thereof.

The apparatus is composed of a chamber or compartment of any desiredformas rectangular or cylindricaldivided into several superposedcompartments.

Referring to the drawings, let A represent the receiving-chamber; O, thetreating-chamber; D, the diaphragms therein; E, the gassupplyingchamber, and F the discharginghopper. The upper compartment orreceiving-chamber A terminates at. its bottom in one or more hoppers aa, which conduct the material to be treated to the treating-chamber C.The space immediately below the hoppers a a constitutes anexhaust-chamber B, which forms the upper part of the treating-chamber O,and. in which the treatinggas which has traversed the latter iscollected for withdrawal through an aperture 1), which communicates witha draft-chimney b or with any otherexhaust apparatus. The exhaustchamber13 may be warmed, if wished, by a smoke-pipe b. or by a steam or hot-airpipe encircling the chamber, as shown in Fig. 1; or any other analogousmeans maybe adopted for heating this chamber. The treating-chamber Gcontains a plurality of rows of superposed diaphragms D D, preferablyformed with double inclined upper surfaces or in the form of invertedgutters, forming between their edges and in their under'sides spaces forthe circulation of the gas and the matters to. be treated. The rows ofdiaphragms D rest those of each row with their lower edges on the topsof the next lower row. The chamber is closed at its lower end by ahopper F, which conducts the matters to be treated through one or morewithdrawingspouts f, by means of which the material can be Withdrawn asdesired and in the quantities needed. Surrounding the hopper For aroundthe lower part of the chamber 0 is provided a gas-introduction chamberE, by

which the gas necessary to dry the material is introduced into the lowerpart of the chamber 0 through openings 6 e opposite and be ICO neath thelower sides of the adjacent ends of the lower rowsof diaphragmsD withinsaid chamber. The gas used enters the chamber E freely or is injectedtherein by a fan or by any other analogous means. It may be heated, ifdesired, by a smoke-pipe or steam-pipe e or by any other suitable means,or, if 'de-' sired, it may be heated by some physical or chemical means.One form of heatingapparatus, as the stove G, is shown in Fig. 1. Thiscan heat, it it is so desired, the chamber E or the exhaust-chamber 'Bor the draft-= chimney Z) or the several parts together, and the heatmay be distributed and-regulated at: will by means of suitableregisters, as h-h.

The diaphragms D of the treating-chamber O are arranged in rows,superposed and alternated'in direction, those of one row crossing thoseof'the other. The rowsof the same direction are alternated in suchmanner "that thediaphragms of the third row correspond in position withthose of the 'first,-and so on, while those of the second row crossthose of the first, and those of the fourth row correspond with those'ofthe'second, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Preferably each diaphragm is l oftriangular forinwitli thetwo upper sides oppositely inclinedandthebottom side hori 'zetitarand open. The lower edgesof each superposed'rowi'eston the tops of 'the-adjac'e'ntlow'er ro'w, and'thus all'fhe'u'pper rows are supported. The inclined sides may be "constructedwith 'a plain continuous surfaca; as s'ho'wnin Fig. 5, or theymaybeformed of} superposed overlapping strips, 'lea'ving 'be-l tween theiroverlapping edges spaces 'for'the passage-of the gas, or theyinaybe'formed as! indicated in Figs. 6 and zvmerein the super- ,p'osejdstrips arealternately ,plainand-corru-E gates, thereby leaving theseries of; openings corresponding to the corrugations of the cor-E'riigated strips for the air-spaces. .Whe'nthel diaphragins areconstructed with plain in-l j'clined'upper surfaces, each 'diaphrag'mmayl be provided atits upper part'with bneprl inqre'openings, asdinFigs. 1, 2,and5,'wlii'chl 'willbe'arranged to coineinimediatelybeneath j the diaplirag'rns of the row'iinmediately above. f

These openings areprovided with'registers d, which are opened'andclosedby means of:

valve sandrods (1 as seen'i'n Figs. 1, 2,'and 5.[

The operation of the apparatns is as fol- Idws: The cereals or othermaterial to be;

ltrated'is'placed in the receiving-chamber A, fromWhencejitpassestliroughthe hoppers a;

and'into the treatingchamber C, where it'is separatedandregularly'distributed by fall-; m

onthe inclined sides of 'tlie-diaphr'aginsi; D l l'jso that aittravers'es'the chamber and; fallsffroin one diaphragm to'anotlier itis cons'taliuy'spiit up into smaustreams. 'Ifa'ciP-E 'cdlation bf airwithin the chamber is desired,

thecliamber B'willbepnt in communication "withth'e draft-chimney b,thereby drawing air'fromthechamber-"E,through chamber 0;

and'biit of chamber B into the chimney b.

The air or other-gas utilizedenters'the chain her 0 through the openingsee beneath the diaphragms, and is conducted by the latter and evenlydistributed throughout the mass of material as it travels regularly fromthe bottom to the top and until it reaches the exhaust-chamber B, fromwhence it is withdrawn through chimney b. As the drying is accomplishedthe material may be withdra'wnthrough the discharge-spout f in thequantities desired, and then as the mass descends a quantity of materialequivalent to that withdrawn may be placed in the hopper a andtreated,-in order that the amount extracted may be -replaced by anequivalent amount of't'resh material. One may continue charging theapparatus with material through the chamber A and withdrawing thetreated material from the diseliarge spout fwhen it is desired that theoperation o f'the apparatus shall be continuous Bythis device a do'nblecirculation is obtained,-'the wgas or air going from thebottom tothe'top'and the material to be treated from thetopto *the bottom. It themateriaL'by reason of its extremely finelydivided conditionorbyits-excessive humidity, offers toogreat a resistance to thecirculationof the gas orair, thedatter may be facilitated by openingfor-ashort time, either partiall-y or entirely, the registers cZ'. "l-his "will permitthe air to rise directl-ythi-oughthe interiors of thecorresponding diaphragms andwill diminish to that extent the thicknessof the material to jbetr'aversed. When one wishes merely to .dry thecereals, it will "be oftenpossible, if the outer temperature isfavorable, to dispense with heating the air or gas which traverses theapparatus or to limit the heatingto the chamber B for maintaining thedraft; but as a general rule it willbe most advantageous to'heat the-airor gas as "it onters the drierfor example, in the chaniber'E.

'With my apparatus'the drying ofthe cereals may be combined with theirtreatment 'with a disinfectant or an insecticidesuch,for example, asareused for combatingthe weevil ofwheat ortorpreparinggrains intended forsowing. If the substance so'employed is gaseous,it may be introducedintothe apparatus mixed with ordinary air, which willserve for"thedrying. This can be done in the heatingchamber or by connecting thegas-producin garpparatus in any suitable manner. -'If the substance isvolatile, its receptacles may-be placed in this chamber in order toaccomplish its'vaporization, or this may be accomplished and-theresulting-gas fed to the apparatus in any well-known'manner. Inemployingapowderedo'r liquid 'subs'tan'elit is mixed inthe receivingcham'ber A with themateriabtobe treated, and duringthe descent ofthe'latter through the apparatusfthe mixture becomes very intimateandper ftly uniform,--owing to the eflect of -the diaphragms D on'the'fallingsub'stance; v M

Myinvention may be variously modified 'witho'ut dpai'tingfromitsessen'tial features,

and I do not limit myself to the 'exactconstruction shown and described,which is the preferred form of my invention. The form and dimensions ofthe apparatus, as well as the materials of which it is constructed, maybe varied to suit the circumstances of the case. I may also employ anyknown means for feeding the matter to be treated to the chamber A andfor withdrawing it from the spout f,

as well as for heating the air or other gas used and for actuating orregulating the cirto the bottom and which ,is constructed to persurfaces, the diaphragms of each row cross- 7 I ing those of theadjacent rows and those. of

, each row resting with their lower edges on the tops of the next lowerrow, whereby as the material descends it will fall from one to the otherthereof and as the gas ascends it will pass around said diaphragms,thereby thoroughly exposing the material to the gas, substantiallyasshown and described.

2. In a drier or analogous apparatus for treating cereals or otherfinely-divided or granular materials in which the material to be treateddescends and the gas ascends, the combination, with a chamber adapted toreceive the material at the top and discharge it at the bottom, andmeans for causing an upward circulation of gas through said chamber, ofa plurality of rows of hollow diaphragms, superposed, and those of eachrow crossing those of the adjacent row, arranged in said chamber andconstructed with sloping upper surfaces and having valvedintercommunicating openings, whereby as the material descends it willfall from one to the other thereof and as the gas ascends it will passaround said diaphragms or through said valved opening, as desired,thereby thoroughly exposing the material to the gas.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

PAoLo BORGARELLI.

